Role of ANGPTL4 in cancer metastasis. ANGPTL4 plays a crucial role in various aspects of cancer metastasis. It promotes the growth of new blood vessels, which is pivotal to tumor nutrition and spread. It also influences cancer metastasis by impacting EMT and signaling pathways. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), ANGPTL4 interacts with CAF, TAM, T-cell, and secretes MMP- and -9, influencing ECM remodeling, metastatic process, lymph node metastasis, and perineural invasion. flANGPTL4 and cANGPTL4 typically promote tumor growth and lung metastasis, whereas nANGPTL4 inhibits metastasis by reducing vascularity at metastatic sites.

Hematopoietic niches in bone marrow. Organization and cellular interactions within the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches of adult bone marrow (BM). HSCs are predominantly situated in proximity to the marrow vasculature, in perivascular niches. The niche includes various cell types, such as endothelial cells, CD169⁺ macrophages, and LepR⁺ CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), Nestin⁺ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and adipocytes. The niche contributes to HSC self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation via the expression of CXCL12 and stem cell factor (SCF). Conversely, the endosteal niche houses quiescent HSCs, and is characterized by osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclast, osteomac, and schwann cells, and megakaryocytes, which provide a specialized cellular architecture for hematopoiesis regulation and quiescence. The factors related to bone metabolisms and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), play a crucial role in the long-term persistence of quiescent HSCs. Various factors in the microenvironment, such as stiffness, calcium levels, oxygen gradients, and reactive oxygen species, help maintain the dormancy and quiescence of HSCs.