Elucidation of the different roles of LIR motifs of the modified RavZ protein using different LIR motifs. (A) Schematic of the generation of chimeric mutants containing LIR(Fy) and LIR(St) with different binding specificities. (B) Confocal images showing the autophagosome formation of mRFP-LC3B (upper) or mRFP-GABARAPL1 (lower) protein co-expressed with chimeric mutants in HKO cells upon autophagy induction (Earle’s balanced salt solution [EBSS] for 2 h). Scale bar: 10 μm. (C) Bar graphs illustrating the autophagosome spot number for each cell. Values are presented as means ＋ SEM . *** P < 0.001, one-way ANOVA with the Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test. N.S., not significant. The numbers above the bar graph represent the number of replicates for each experiment.
