Unlike CTX astrocytes, VM astrocytes can undergo iDAN direct reprogramming through ASCL1 single-factor overexpression. (A) ICC analysis following iDAN direct reprogramming of rat CTX and VM astrocytes on days 7, 14 and 21. iDANs are stained with anti-TH (red) and anti-TUJ1 (green) antibodies. Among VM astrocytes overexpressing ASCL1, TH+ cells begin to appear after 1 week of reprogramming. EGFP-CL (ECL), ASCL1 + NURR1 + LMX1A (ANL), ASCL15SA + NURR1 + LMX1A (5SANL), differentiation (diff). (B) ICC analysis of iDAN direct reprogramming from rat CTX and VM astrocytes on day 14. (C) A number of TH+/TUJ1+ cells is counted following direct reprogramming of rat CTX and VM astrocytes on days 7 and 14. VM astrocytes show a similar increase in the number of TH+ cells as ANL astrocytes from day 14 of iDAN reprogramming. ***P < 0.001. The error bar represents the S.E. Scale bar, 20 μm.
