Conventional bulk approaches illustrating the response of AT-MSCs to chondrogenic induction. (A) Alcian Blue Staining. (B) Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Gene Ontology of Biological Processes (GO-BP) enriched in 1W and 2W cells compared to control cells, based on bulk RNA-seq data. DEGs with a minimum 2-fold change (adjusted P-value < 0.05) are indicated by red and blue dots. Grey bars represent enriched GO terms common to both 1W and 2W cells, while specifically enriched GO terms are depicted by black bars (adjusted P-value < 0.05). (C) Overlapping enriched GO terms in both 1W and 2W cells. (D) Statistical significance of expression changes in conventional chondrogenic markers based on bulk RNA-seq. Stage I markers: COL1A1, SOX4, COL6A1; Stage II markers: COMP, COL11A1, SOX9; Stage III markers: MATN3, WNT11, HOX7, CHAD; Stage IV markers: COL10A1, FMOD, PTHLH, COL2A1.
