Schematic role of AGC2 in synergistic regulation of urea cycle and gluconeogenesis. 1, AST mitochondrial; 2, aminotransferase (2-OG dependent) mitochondrial; 3, aminotransferase (2-OG dependent) cytosolic; 4, glutaminase; 5, glutamate dehydrogenase; 6, N-acetylglutamate synthase; 7, carbamoylphosphate synthetase; 8, ornithine carbamoyltransferase; 9, argininosuccinate synthetase; 10, argininosuccinate lyase; 11, arginase; 12, fumarate hydratase; 13, malate dehydrogenase cytosolic; 14, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; 15, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase; 16, AST cytosolic. A, amino acid transport system A; AA, amino acid; AGC2, aspartate-glutamate carrier 2; AS, argininosuccinate; ASP, aspartate; CAC, citric acid cycle; ECF, extracellular fluid; Fum, fumarate; GA-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; GC, glutamate carrier; GLU, glutamate; GLUT 2, glucose transporter 2; KA, keto acid; Mal, malate; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; NAG, N-acetylglutamate; OA, oxaloacetate; OGC, oxoglutarate carrier; OrC, ornithine/citrulline carrier; PC, pyruvate carrier; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; Pi, inorganic phosphate; UC, urea cycle; X⁻_Ag, amino acid transport system X-AG; 1,3-BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate.

BMB Reports 2023;56:385-91 https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2023-0052

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