MAS and its relationship to glycolysis and CAC in hepatocytes. 1, AST mitochondrial; 2, AST cytosolic; 3, malate dehydrogenase cytosolic; 4, malate dehydrogenase mitochondrial; 5, 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase; 6, lactate dehydrogenase. AGC2, aspartate-glutamate carrier 2; ASP, aspartate; CAC, citric acid cycle; ECF, extracellular fluid; GA-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; GLU, glutamate; GLUT 2, glucose transporter 2; Mal, malate; MAS, malate-aspartate shuttle; MCT, monocarboxylate transporter; OA, oxaloacetate; OGC, oxoglutarate carrier; PC, pyruvate carrier; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; 1,3-BPG, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate; 2-OG, 2-oxoglutarate.

BMB Reports 2023;56:385-91 https://doi.org/10.5483/BMBRep.2023-0052

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