Isolated astrocytic mitochondrial transfer into NPCs. (A, B) Using MitoTracker Red dye, mitochondria in rat P5 astrocytes (A) and GFAP-positive (astrocytic marker) cells (B) were stained. (C, D) Isolated mitochondria from astrocyte-treated rat cortical NPCs. Immunofluorescence shows MitoTracker-labeled astrocytic mitochondria (red) in NPCs (C). The graph shows mitochondrial transfer efficiency (D). Error bars, standard error (S.E.); Scale bar, 20 μm. GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; NPC, neural progenitor cell.
