Modeling various heart diseases using cardiac tissue models. (A) Cardiomyopathy modeling using EHT with genetic defects of ACTN2. Adapted from Prondzynski et al. (74) (CC BY 4.0 license) Copyright 2019, The Authors, published by John Wiley and Sons. (B) Atrial arrhythmia modeling using ring-shaped EHT. Adapted from Goldfracht et al. (80) (CC BY 4.0 license) Copyright 2020, The Authors, published by Springer Nature. (C) Cardiac fibrosis modeling by assembling spheroids using 3D bioprinting. Adapted from Daly et al. (100) (CC BY 4.0 license) Copyright 2021, The Authors, published by Springer Nature.
