Effect of 2-MCA on activation of MAPK, NF-kB, and AP-1 pathways in RAW264.7 and BMMs. (A, B) RAW264.7 cells (A) and BMMs (B) were pre-treated with or without 2-MCA (50 μM) for 4 h. After LPS (1 μg/ml) treatment within the indicated time, the phosphorylation levels p38, p44/42, and JNK were analyzed using im-munoblot assay. (C, D) RAW264.7 cells (C) and BMMs (D) were pre-treated with or without 2-MCA (50 μM) for 4 h. After LPS (1 μg/ml) treatment within the indicated time, the phosphorylation levels of IKKα, IKKβ, and p65, degradation of IκBα, and expression levels of c-Jun and c-Fos were analyzed using immunoblot assay.
