Exosomes derived from immune cells. (A) T cell or NK cell-derived exosomes that express FasL or NKG2D and contain cyto-toxic molecules such as perforin, Granzyme B, IFN-γ, and TNF-α induce cancer cell death and inhibit cancer cell growth. (B) DC-derived exosomes induce the activation of T cells and NK cells through the expression of some ligands such as NKG2D ligand, co-stimulatory molecules, and MHC/antigen complex. Macrophage-derived exosomes lead to cancer cell death by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as iNOS, IL-6 and IL-12 or anti-cancer drugs.
