NDRG4 overexpression regulates mitochondrial function. (A) NDRG4 overexpression leads to decreased ATP production in SW1990 and Canpan1 cells, Opposite results were obtained for HPNE cells with NDRG4 knockdown. (B) Tom20 was detected in SW1990, Canpan1, and HPNE cells with NDRG4 overexpression or knockdown. (C) Confocal images of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) treated with NDRG4 overexpression or knockdown in SW1990, Canpan1, and HPNE cells. Cells were stained with JC-1. The right histogram for quantified MMP was given as JC-1 ratio (GFP/RFP). (D) Confocal images of mitochondrial morphology treated with NDRG4 overexpression or knockdown in SW1990, Canpan1, and HPNE cells. Cells were stained with Mito-Tracker Red (red) and Hoechst33342 (blue). The right histogram reflects the degree of mitochondrial mor-phological change in cells (n = 100).
