Activation of Smad pathway in polarized M2 macrophages by hypo-CM derived from MSCs. (A) The expression levels of p-Smad3/Smad3 and p-STAT6/STAT6 were assessed in polarized macrophages. Relative expression of p-Smad3 was increased in the hypo-CM derived from MSCs treated group. (B) Formation of branchial and tubular structures of HUVECs co-cultured with macrophages treated under different conditions. Treatment of hypo-CM derived from MSCs promotes the angiogenic capacity of polarized macrophages in vitro. Control, BMDMs treated with 10% FBS medium; Nor, BMDMs treated with SF medium; Hypo, hypoxia, BMDMs treated with hypo-CM derived from MSCs. All groups were cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. Each experiment was repeated three times. Columns, mean; bars, SE. **P <0.01 and="" p="" 0="" 05="" and="" sup="">##P < 0.001.
