The Epitranscriptomic machinery and its regulatory function in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic RNA modifications, including m6A, Nm, m5C and ψ (depicted clock-wisely in this board from top left) can be installed, read and removed by specialized proteins known as writer (marked with a keyboard), reader (marked with a magnifier) and eraser proteins (marked with a rubber), respectively. The dyna-mic alteration of transcriptome plasticity conferred by each of RNA modifications includes RNA degradation, splicing, nuclear export, translation, as well as the processing of non-coding RNAs. Each RNA modification is illustrated in a pin with different colors: m6A - red, Nm - yellow, m5C - green, and ψ - blue, respectively.
