MSC-Exos therapy for COVID-19. Isolated MSCs are condi-tioned in specialized media that induce release of exosomes. The MSCs identify the external signal and start to pack regulatory factors in secretory vesicles that are released into the culture medium. The exosomes are identified and isolated using specific markers, and are then administered intravenously the i.v. injection. The exosomes inhibit IL-1, IL-6, NK cells, CD4+, and CD8+. This results in suppression of the cytokine storm. Exosomes also activate IL-10, TGF-βeta, M2 macrophages, and T and B regulatory cells to further suppress the immune system. This reduces the proinflammatory cytokines, alleviating symptoms and aiding in recovery of patients.
